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character set

summary

����Each language has at least one character set, the characters that are legally allowed in programs.

����A source character set is the character set used for writing source code.

����An execution character set is a character set used when a program is running and usually includes any characters that may appear in either input or putput.

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character set

����Each language has at least one character set, the characters that are legally allowed in programs.

����A source character set is the character set used for writing source code.

����An execution character set is a character set used when a program is running and usually includes any characters that may appear in either input or output.

����The first computer keyboards were usually teletypes or teletype-compaible. These early keyboards traced back to closely related keyboards used for telegraph networks.

����The code used for these teletypes was based on a code invented by Frenchman Emile Baudot in 1870. Only the original code was Baudot Code, but in slang all subsequent codes were also called Baudot Code.

����Baudot Code uses five bits, which allows 32 different character codes. Using two characters to indicate a shift between interpretations (letter shift and figures shift), it was possible to encode all of the capital letters, the decimal digits, a few punctuation marks, and special control codes.

����The resulting character set explains the small character sets of several early programming languages, such as BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN, LISP, and PL/I.

����Baudot includes ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ and 012345678, as well as punctuation -$',!:(")#&./;+= and control codes: Space, Bell, Carriage Return (CR), and Line Feed (LF). Not all teletypes had += or ;"

Binary	Decimal	Hex	Octal	Letter	U.S. Figures	CCITT No. 2 Figures
00000	0	0	0	N/A	N/A	N/A
00001	1	1	1	E	3	3
00010	2	2	2	LF	LF	LF
00011	3	3	3	A	-	-
00100	4	4	4	Space	Space	Space
00101	5	5	5	S	BELL	'
00110	6	6	6	I	8	8
00111	7	7	7	U	7	7
01000	8	8	10	CR	CR	CR
01001	9	9	11	D	$	WRU
01010	10	A	12	R	4	4
01011	11	B	13	J	'	Bell
01100	12	C	14	N	,	,
01101	13	D	15	F	!	!
01110	14	E	16	C	:	:
01111	15	F	17	K	(	(
10000	16	10	20	T	5	5
10001	17	11	21	Z	"	+
10010	18	12	22	L	)	)
10011	19	13	23	W	2	2
10100	20	14	24	H	#	�
10101	21	15	25	Y	6	6
10110	22	16	26	P	0	0
10111	23	17	27	Q	1	1
11000	24	18	30	O	9	9
11001	25	19	31	B	?	?
11010	26	1A	32	G	&	&
11011	27	1B	33	Figures Shift	Figures Shift	Figures Shift
11100	28	1C	34	M	.	.
11101	29	1D	35	X	/	/
11110	30	1E	36	V	;	=
11111	31	1F	37	Letters Shift	Letters Shift	Letters Shift

name	C	PL/I
�	A	A
�	B	B
�	C	C
�	D	D
�	E	E
�	F	F
�	G	G
�	H	H
�	I	I
�	J	J
�	K	K
�	L	L
�	M	M
�	N	N
�	O	O
�	P	P
�	Q	Q
�	R	R
�	S	S
�	T	T
�	U	U
�	V	V
�	W	W
�	X	X
�	Y	Y
�	Z	Z
name	C	PL/I
�	a	�
�	b	�
�	c	�
�	d	�
�	e	�
�	f	�
�	g	�
�	h	�
�	i	�
�	j	�
�	k	�
�	l	�
�	m	�
�	n	�
�	o	�
�	p	�
�	q	�
�	r	�
�	s	�
�	t	�
�	u	�
�	v	�
�	w	�
�	x	�
�	y	�
�	z	�
name	C	PL/I
�	0	0
�	1	1
�	2	2
�	3	3
�	4	4
�	5	5
�	6	6
�	7	7
�	8	8
�	9	9
name	C	PL/I
alert bell	\a ANSI	�
backspace BS	\b formatting character	�
horizontal tab HT	\t formatting character	�
vertical tab VT	\v formatting character	�
form feed FF	\f< formatting character/td>	�
carriage return CR	\r formatting character	�
space blank	�	�
exclamation point	!	�
double quote	" \"	�
number sign	#	�
dollar sign	$ extra graphic	�
percent sign	%	%
ampersand	&	& AND symbol
apostrophe single quotation mark	' \'	'
left parenthesis	(	(
right parenthesis	)	)
asterisk	*	* multiplication symbol
plus sign	+	+
comma	,	,
hyphen or minus sign	-	-
period point	.	.
slash forward slash	/	/ divide symbol
colon	:	:
semicolon	:	;
less than	<	<
equal	=	= also assignment symbol
greater than	>	>
question mark	? \? ANSI	?
at sign	@ extra graphic	�
left bracket	[	�
backslash	\ \\	�
right bracket	]	�
circumflex	^	�
underscore	_	_ break character
accent grave	` extra graphic	�
left brace	[	�
vertical bar stroke	|	| OR symbol
right brace	]	�
tilde	~	�
NOT symbol	�	�
null	must equal zero	�
newline end-of-line marker	\n	�

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